Rock Pigeon

A rock pigeon (Columba livia) is a widespread bird that is the ancestor of all domesticated pigeons. They are well known for their adaptability to urban environments and their cooing vocalization.

Rock pigeons are typically a bluish-gray color with iridescent feathers on their neck. They have two black bars on each wing and a black band on their tail. The plumage of domestic and feral pigeons can vary widely, with individuals displaying white, black, brown, or mottled patterns. They have a small head, a short beak, and reddish eyes.

Rock pigeons are native to coastal cliffs and mountains in Europe, North Africa, and Asia, but feral populations have now spread to cities and towns worldwide. They are highly adaptable and thrive in urban areas by using buildings and bridges as a substitute for their natural cliff habitats. They are omnivores that forage on the ground, eating seeds, grains, fruits, and food scraps from humans.

Rock pigeons are highly social and can be found in large flocks. They are known for their cooing sound and their bobbing-head walk. They have an excellent homing ability and a strong sense of direction, a trait that was selectively bred in their domesticated descendants, which were used for carrying messages.